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The melt point of lead is the temperature at which the atomic vibrations of the solid start to invade the space of their neighbors and disturb them to such an extent that they break apart from one another. This disruption leads to a phase transition from the solid to the liquid state.
This is the point at which all physical properties, such as thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity and enthalpy, change substantially. Furthermore, birefringence reflection and light transmission are affected. The melting point determination is an essential thermal analysis method for characterizing solid crystalline substances. It is used in research and development as well as quality control applications in a wide range of industry sectors.
The melt points of metals and alloys have a very direct influence on their industrial application. For example, a manufacturer can easily produce solder joints with different alloy compositions by starting with a high Lead (Pb) solder alloy and then switching to a Tin (Sn) or Indium (In) based solder.
During the melting process, several phases occur: the collapse point at which only a small amount of molten material is present; the meniscus point at which some melted substance remains; and the clear point at which all solid particles have completely melted. Good sample preparation is crucial to achieve highly accurate melt point measurements. This is why the capillary method, a standard procedure for the determination of the melt point, is recommended by many local pharmacopeias. METTLER TOLEDO melting point instruments fully comply with these requirements and ensure repeatable, reliable results.